• 3 phases: inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling

 

  1. Inflammatory phase: 3-5 days
    • the clot serves as a reservoir of the cytokines and growth factors that are released as activated platelets degranulate. The bolus of secreted proteins, including interleukins, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
    • Once hemostasis is secured the reactive vasoconstriction is replaced by a more persistent period of vasodilation that is mediated by histamine, prostaglandins, kinins, and leukotrienes.
  2. Proliferative: 5-7 days post injury
    • Mediated by macrophages; secrete PDGDs and TGF-β; attracted by hypoxic environment
  3. Remodeling
    • Angiogenesis improves hypoxia, and fibroblasts establish themselves as the modulator of wound healing