Medicine

an autosomal dominant condition leading to a deficiency in uroporphyrinogen synthetase activity, causing an accumulation of uroporphobilogen, which is excreted in the urine turning it a dark color. Classic symptoms of an acute attack include intense abdominal pain, motor weakness, (usually starting proximally in the upper limbs) and confusion/agitation. These are due to nervous system […]

Aspergillus forms fruiting bodies and septate filaments branching at acute angles Candida grows as yeast forms, tandem arrays of elongated forms without hyphae (pseuhyphae) and true hyphae with septate Actinomyces is a gram-positive filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria Mucormycosis form non-septate, irregularly wide fungal hyphae with frequent right-angle branching. In addition mucormycosis frequently occur in diabetics

In pemphigus vulgaris, deposition of immunoglobulin is along the plasma membranes of epidermal keratinocytes in a fish-net-like pattern (as the enclosed slide shows). Whereas in bullous pemphigoid the immunoglobulin and complement deposits are linear at the basement membrane (by EM at the level of lamina lucida

Cessation of smoking should allow for gradual improvement in lung function. Nicotine with a half-life of approximately 30-60 minutes would fall precipitously with cessation of smoking for four hours prior to administration of the anesthesia. Although of some benefit, the stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system would take longer to normalize. Carboxyhemoglobin levels should approach that

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that causes a lymphocyte-mediated destruction of exocrine glands. This results in a decrease in glandular secretion of the salivary glands (xerostomia) and the lacrimal glands (xerophthalmia).

Sacrifice of the radial artery relies on an intact communication between the superficial and deep palmer arches. This is typically confirmed pre-operatively by an Allen’s test. The technique is as follows: Elevate the patient’s hands above heart Occlude radial and ulnar arteries Have the patient open and close fist several times Lower the hand below

Temporal arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving large arteries of the carotid system, particularly in those with a prominent elastica, occurring primarily in the elderly. This disorder commonly causes pain on mastication in the masseter, temporals, and tongue muscles. Estimated prevalence is about 1/1000 in patients > 50 yo with a slight predilection in

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease of the exocrine glands, primarily affecting the GI and respiratory systems, and usually characterized by COPD, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and abnormally high sweat electrolytes (particularly chloride > 60 mEq/L). In addition to thickened sputum and pancreatic enzyme dysfunction, males often have azospermia secondary to obstruction of the

Myasthenia gravis is an acquired autoimmune disorder affecting transmission at neuromuscular junction. It is an autosomal dominant condition. 80-90% of patients will have auto antibodies to the acetylcholine receptors of the post synaptic membrane. Patients exhibit prolonged neuromuscular blockade to non-depolarizing muscle relaxants; but usually show some resistance to the muscle paralysis of succinylcholine. When

Distal-to-proximal weakness is the most common progression pattern, although myotonia and stiffness may occasionally predominate. The inheritance is autosomal dominant. Predominant cardiac involvement is by fatty degeneration and fibrosis of specialized cardiac conductive tissue (sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes and His-Purkinje system.) This makes dysrhythmias the most common cardiac pathology accompanying myotonic dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy (MD)