Triangles of the Neck: Anatomy, Boundaries, and Clinical Significance Understanding the triangles of the neck is fundamental in anatomy, surgery, and clinical diagnosis. These triangular regions serve as important anatomical landmarks that help clinicians localize vital neurovascular structures, glands, and muscles. Mastery of neck triangles is essential for oral and maxillofacial surgery, head and neck […]
Triangles of the Neck Read Post »
Suprahyoid Muscles Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Stylohyoid Infrahyoid Muscles Thyrohyoid Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyoid Innervation of Neck Muscles Sternothyroid – ansa cervicalis Sternohyoid – ansa cervicalis Omohyoid – ansa cervicalis Sternothyroid – C1 via hypoglossal Geniohyoid – C1 via hypoglossal Platysma – cervical branch of facial Nerve Sternocleidomastoid – spinal accessary nerve (CN XI) Anterior digastric –
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles Read Post »
Genial Tubercle: Anatomy, Muscle Attachments, and Clinical Significance By Dr. Paul Mirdamadi The genial tubercles are critical anatomic landmarks located on the lingual surface of the anterior mandible. Although small in size, they serve as the attachment points for key muscles involved in tongue position, swallowing, mandibular movement, and airway patency. A thorough understanding of
Genial Tubercle Muscle Attachments Read Post »
Superior Thyroid Artery Ascending Pharyngeal Artery Lingual Artery Facial Artery Occipital Artery Posterior Auricular Artery Maxillary Artery Superficial Temporal Artery Remember with pnemonic “Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS“
Branches of External Carotid Artery Read Post »
Posterior Cerebral Artery Posterior Communicating Artery Middle Cerebral Artery Anterior Cerebral Artery Anterior Communicating Artery
Lateral Ventricle -> Interventricular Foramen (Monro) Third Ventricle -> Cerebral Aqueduct (Sylvius) Fourth Ventricle -> Lateral Apeture (Foramen of Luschka) + Median Aperture (Foramen of Magendie) Arachnoid -> Arachnoid Granulations
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Read Post »
Lateral Wall (OTOM) Ooculomotor (CNIII) Trochlear (CNIV) Ophthalmic (V1) Maxillary (V2) MEDIAL (ICAt) Internal Carotid Abducens (CNVI)
grade 0: no radiographic features of OA are present grade 1: doubtful joint space narrowing (JSN) and possible osteophytic lipping grade 2: definite osteophytes and possible JSN on anteroposterior weight-bearing radiograph grade 3: multiple osteophytes, definite JSN, sclerosis, possible bony deformity grade 4: large osteophytes
Endochondral: the condyle blastema, attached to the upper part of pterygoid muscle, grows backward and upward and concurrent endochondral ossification resulted in the formation of the condyle. Intramembranous: flat bones of head, maxilla, mandible The basic growth pattern of the mandibular body and condyle appeared in week 7 of fertilization. Histologically, the embryonal mandible
Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification Read Post »
Platysma Submental Superiorly based is submental Posteriorly based is occipital Inferiorly based is transverse cervical artery Sternocleidomastoid Superior based: occipital, Inferior based: transverse cervical Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal (branch of subscapular) Trapezius Transverse cervical Lateral Thigh Deep femoral Anterolateral Thigh Lateral circumflex femoral Nasolabial: interpolated flap that is transferred by pivotal movement and has a linear
Myocutaneous Flaps Read Post »
