Karapandzic flaps are excellent single stage closures of moderately sized defects of the lower lips, especially in homebound patients and patients with a natural dentition. This flap transfers vascularized tissue to close lower lip defects up to 60% of its length. The result will be upper and lower lips unequal in size, and with a […]
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The greater auricular nerve and accessory nerves must be protected during rhytidectomy. Extra caution should be exercised when performing dissection in Erb’s point area. Remaining superficial to the fascia over the sternomastoid at Erb’s point ensures that injury to the greater auricular and accessory nerve is avoided Erb’s point is located 6 cm inferior to
Flumazenil and Narcan are used to reverse effects of benzodiazepines and narcotics, respectively. Atropine is an antimuscarinic and does not reverse deximedetomidine. Atipamezole is an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist with an imidazole structure. It rapidly reverses sedation/anesthesia induced by alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists. In humans, atipamezole at doses up to 30 mg produces no cardiovascular or subjective side effects,
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MTA, IRM, and SuperEBA have success rates ranging from 85-97%. Traditional retrograde amalgam filings has a success rate of 68%.
Prosthetic Temporomandibular Joints: Materials, Design, and Clinical Considerations Total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement is an established reconstructive option for patients with end-stage joint disease, ankylosis, failed autogenous grafts, inflammatory arthropathies, or multiple prior TMJ surgeries. Modern prosthetic TMJ systems are designed to restore mandibular function, improve pain, and provide long-term joint stability using durable biomaterials
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TMJ Disc Displacement: Types, Frequency, and Clinical Significance Disc displacement is a central feature of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and is commonly evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiple patterns of disc displacement have been described in symptomatic TMJs, but clinical and imaging studies consistently show that only a small number of displacement types
In pemphigus vulgaris, deposition of immunoglobulin is along the plasma membranes of epidermal keratinocytes in a fish-net-like pattern (as the enclosed slide shows). Whereas in bullous pemphigoid the immunoglobulin and complement deposits are linear at the basement membrane (by EM at the level of lamina lucida
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Cessation of smoking should allow for gradual improvement in lung function. Nicotine with a half-life of approximately 30-60 minutes would fall precipitously with cessation of smoking for four hours prior to administration of the anesthesia. Although of some benefit, the stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system would take longer to normalize. Carboxyhemoglobin levels should approach that
Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that causes a lymphocyte-mediated destruction of exocrine glands. This results in a decrease in glandular secretion of the salivary glands (xerostomia) and the lacrimal glands (xerophthalmia).
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Barbiturates have no effect on myocardial sensitization. They decrease myocardial contractility. Reflex tachycardia is common after an induction dose of barbiturate to compensate for the vasodilatation. Barbiturates are known to have severe effects associated with intra-arterial injection. This group is also responsible for porphyria in susceptible individuals.
