• Patients who have had a laryngospasm may be susceptible to secondary pulmonary edema. This can be the result of negative alveolar pressure of an expanding diaphragm against a closed glottis, or due to barotrauma from positive pressure ventilation. Pulmonary trauma arising from laryngospasm may become clinically evident hours after the spasm. In this case, signs arising immediately after the treated laryngospasm may indicate imminent pulmonary failure which may require endotracheal intubation and airway support using positive end expiratory pressure, and possibly diuretics.