Tertiary anticholinenergic drugs (atropine and scopolamine) can cross the blood brain barrier and lead to postoperative delirium.
Glycopyrrolate is a quarternary agent and does not cross the blood brain barrier.
Propofol is associated with rapid recovery and euphoria.
Long acting benzodiazpines may also contribute to disorientation on emergence. In young healthy patients recovery from midazolam is generally not associated with
disorientation.
Meperidine, although rare, because of its atropine-like structure can cause post-operative agitation and combativeness.
