Safe induction according to American Society of Anesthesiologists Guidelines
- 2h – clear liquids (water, soda pop, coffee without creamer, fruit juice without pulp)
- 4h – human milk
- 6h – light solids (non-meat and non-fat) and non-clear liquids (non-human milk products and formula)
- 8h – fat and meats
- Gastric emptying influenced by volume (distention), osmolarity (protein and sugar), fat, and solid vs liquid (fat slows gastric emptying greater than carbohydrates and proteins)
- Conditions which may delay gastric emptying may include: gastroparetic conditions (diabetic neuropathy), proliferative connective tissue disorders, obesity, extreme pain or fear, and opioid use.